Free Essays on John Fitzgerald Kennedy

Dyspraxia

The term dyspraxia gets from the Greek work praxis, which means â€Å"movement process† (Dworkin, 2005). It is a turmoil that influences engine ability advancement. Individuals with dyspraxia experience difficulty arranging and finishing fine engine assignments. This can shift from straightforward engine errands, for example, waving farewell to increasingly complex undertakings like brushing teeth. Consistently, dyspraxia has additionally been called innate maladriotness, formative coordination issue, ungainly youngster condition and tangible mix issue (Hamilton, 2011). The primary archived inquire about in â€Å"poor solid coordination in children† was in 1926 by Louisa Lippitt.She built up a manual for restorative aerobatic for ladies to help right coordination issues. Lippitt felt that the coordination issues were a state of the sensory system and was one of the first to need to treat it with restorative measures (Cermak and Larkin, 2002). The term Dyspraxia was firs t recorded and given a name in 1937 in the U. K. by Samuel T. Orton, who called it formative dyspraxia. He was a nervous system specialist and he felt that dyspraxia was brought about by sores in the cerebrum, particularly to the rule half of the globe of the brain.The innovation accessible at the time couldn't demonstrate or refute his speculations. Most researchers since have limited his view, and rather trust it to be an issue with neural associations. All things being equal, his work was significant in light of the fact that he was the first to take note of that dyspraxia caused issues with complex development and could include discourse just as body developments (Platt, 2011). In the USA, dyspraxia was first given acknowledgment in 1947, through crafted by Strauss and Lehtinen. They distributed research and were viewed as pioneers in the perception of social qualities of what they named â€Å"the cerebrum harmed child†.Lehtinen was really one of the first to utilize the term â€Å"learning disabilities† (Kass and Maddux, 2005). In 1975, individuals started to call it â€Å"Clumsy Child Syndrome† and kids who had the confusion were called â€Å"Clumsy Children†. This term is presently viewed as wrong, as it depicts the kid and not the development and has negative undertones (Hamilton, 2011). There are four classes of dyspraxia. They incorporate ideomotor dyspraxia, ideational dyspraxia, oromotor dyspraxia and constructional dyspraxia. Ideaomotor dyspraxia is the failure to finish single step engine undertakings like waving farewell or brushing one’s hair.Ideational dyspraxia is trouble with multi-step assignments like creation a bed or fastening and zipping pants. Oromotor dyspraxia has to do with discourse in that it introduces itself as a trouble organizing the muscle developments expected to state words. In conclusion, constructional dyspraxia is trouble with spatial connections like moving items starting with one spot then onto the next (NCLD Editorial Staff, 2010). Dyspraxia likewise introduces itself contrastingly in various age gatherings. In infants and little youngsters, it very well may be viewed as a trouble figuring out how to walk or jump.It can likewise appear as a trouble in talking and being comprehended. Likewise, some little youngsters will be delayed to build up left or right handedness. Small kids with dyspraxia may appear to be cumbersome and much of the time chance upon things. Infants and kids might be effectively bothered by contact, similar to the sentiment of certain textures on their skin (NCLD Editorial Staff, 2010). In school matured kids, dyspraxia looks somewhat changed. Understudies will experience difficulty with fine engine aptitudes and it shows itself as trouble holding a pencil or holding scissors.These understudies will likewise experience difficulty with sports or rec center class because of poor coordination. On the off chance that they have oromotor issues, t hey may have moderate or hard to get discourse. These issues regularly cause social withdrawal on the grounds that these understudies feel humiliated and clumsy. This is the age where understudies start to have mental issues notwithstanding their dyspraxia (NCLD Editorial Staff, 2010). In grown-ups, dyspraxia seems to be comparable, with some slight contrasts. Grown-ups with oromotor issues will at present have discourse issues, yet it is by and large issues with volume, enunciation and pitch.Some grown-ups with dyspraxia will experience issues composing. They will be unable to drive are still awkward. It can likewise become obvious when a grown-up experiences issues with individual prepping because of engine ability issues. They additionally keep on having surface issues and affectability to contact (NCLD Editorial Staff, 2010). References Cermak, S. A. and Larkin, D. (2002). Formative Coordination Disorder. Albany, NY. Delmar, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Dworkin, J. (2005 ). Apraxia. Storm Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders. Recovered from http://www. reference book. com/point/Apraxia. spx. Hamilton, S. S. (2011). Diagram of Developmental Coordination Disorder. Recovered from http://www. uptodate. com/substance/outline of-formative coordination-issue. Kass, C. E. furthermore, Maddux, C. D. (2005) A Human Development View of Learning Disabilities: From Theory to Practice. Springfield, IL. Charles C Thomas Publisher, LTD. NCLD Editorial Staff. (2010). What is Dyspraxia? Recovered from http://www. ncld. organization/ld-nuts and bolts/ld-aamp-language/composing/dyspraxia. Platt, G. (2011). Beating Dyspraxia With a Hop, Skip and a Jump. Philadelphia, PA. Jessica Kinglsey Publishers.

VRIO Framework Guide on Creating Sustainable Competitive Advantages

VRIO Framework Guide on Creating Sustainable Competitive Advantages If you are running an organization or a business, or just thinking about starting it, you must be focusing on your strengths and defining that one thing that will differentiate you from others and help you take the leading position in your industry.Fortunately or unfortunately â€" depends on the perspective, each organization in the world is doing the exact same thing and looking for ways to use its resources in the best possible way and create a competitive advantage.It’s no surprise that many scientists, professors, and researchers devoted themselves to creating the most efficient tools, which can be used in analyzing organization, with the aim of finding the one key resource that will help the company sustain an advantage and therefore stay at the top.There are many frameworks, matrixes, tools, sheets, etc. that can be used for achieving this. For some of them, you must have heard â€" the Ansoff Matrix, the Stakeholder Theory, Maslow’s Hierarchy, and the Balanced Scoreboard an d so on, but the one we will be focusing on now is the VRIO framework.What is VRIO framework, why it is so beneficial, how it is used and what should be your next step if you want to apply it to your organization, is exactly what we will be covering in this article.Get your pen and paper and start taking the notes!WHAT IS THE VRIO FRAMEWORK?The VRIO strategic framework is an internal analysis tool, which helps organizations categorize their resources regarding the certain traits outlined in the framework.This categorization and further analysis allow the organizations to identify their key resources, or in other words their competitive advantages.If you were wondering why VRIO, you should know that there are four dimensions or traits that build up the framework.First letters of those dimensions form the acronym VRIO:ValuableRareInimitableOrganizedBefore we go into the details with each of these traits, we’ll talk more about the tool itself. The VRIO strategic framework was create d in 1991, by the famous Jay B Barney.The interesting fact is that originally, this framework was called the VRIN strategic framework, with N meaning non-substitutable.This has changed later, as scientists have discovered that the risk of a resource being imitated can be measured under the third trait â€" Inimitable, which led to N being replaced with O, as an organized to capture the valued. Not to rush anything but we are certain you are looking forward to getting to the bottom point of this tool so we will highlight only once more how efficient it is.Not only that it is simple to understand, it is also quite easy to use, and if used correctly (which is no science), it can provide an enormous value to the company or organization.Therefore, the VRIO framework became and stayed number one choice for many when it comes to analyzing the internal environment.THE 4 DIMENSIONS OF THE VRIO FRAMEWORKAs mentioned above, the VRIO strategic framework consists of 4 dimensions â€" valuable, rar e, inimitable and organized.1. ValuableThe first dimension of the framework states the question of whether the resource adds the value to the company by enabling it to seize the opportunities or defend against the possible threats.It is important to mention that the resources are also valuable if they, by any means, help the organization increase the perceived customer value. It is usually achieved by increasing the differentiation of the product, especially if it goes together with lowering the price of it.If you get a Yes as an answer to the questions mentioned above, you should consider this resource as a valuable one.On the other hand, if the answer is No, you should be aware that this resource will lead your organization to a competitive disadvantage.Whichever result you get, you should bear one thing in mind â€" you are doing business in a dynamic environment where both market and technology change rapidly, which means that you need to do the analysis often in order to review the value of your resources.It has happened many times throughout history in each industry, that the companies lose their competitive advantage due to not reviewing the value of their resources and keeping them up to date with the external factors.2. RareHow to know if your resources are rare? It is quite simple rare resources are those that can only be acquired by one or very few organizations.All you have to do is ask yourself â€" Can this resource be easily acquired by some other company? If the answer is “No”, it means that you’ve got yourself a rare resource.When analyzing further, it is important to mention that if the resource is both valuable and rare, it will grant your organization a temporary competitive advantage.On the other hand, if you are in a situation where another or even more than one organization or company uses the same resource in a similar way, you will find your organization to be in a competitive parity.This is a result of the fact that companies use the same resources to implement identical strategies, which leads to a situation where no organization can achieve a superior position in the industry.Even if your company or organization finds itself currently in the competitive parity, that doesn’t mean that you should completely neglect the resources that are valuable to you.On the contrary, it means that you should keep them â€" as they are essential for staying in the market, and focus on finding new solutions and creating a unique strategy for penetrating the market.3. InimitableInimitable or costly to imitate is the third dimension of the VRIO strategic framework. It reflects the possibility of the resource to be imitated or substituted by other companies or organizations.When saying imitating, we are referring to various options: buying the resource or a substitute for the resource at a reasonable price or directly duplicating it.If the answer to the question “Can my resources be imitated?” is “No”, it means that your resource is inimitable, at least for now.If your resource is valuable, rare and costly to imitate, it has a high tendency to achieve a sustained competitive advantage.If you were wondering what makes any resource inimitable, Barney has the answer to that question. Barney explains that there are three reasons why any resource can be hard to imitate:i. Historical ConditionsThis category refers to all of the resources that have been created throughout history due to some historical event that happened, and that cannot be repeated today again.In this category, you will also find all resources that take much time to form, meaning you can plan on using them only if you have a long-term strategy you are certain your successors will continue implementing.ii. Causal AmbiguityThis reason depends more on your competition than you, as it represents the inability to identify the key resource that enables a company to have a competitive advantage.The only thing you can do in the situation wh ere this is the reason you have a competitive advantage is to focus on finding the way to keep your key resource a secret from your companies while making sure your customers are able to recognize it.iii. Social ComplexityThis is the most internal category that can exist. This refers to the most important resource any company or organization can have â€" people.You will grant yourself a chance to get a sustained competitive advantage if you have good interpersonal relationships and a healthy culture focused on growth and improvement.This is the hardest resource to get but also almost impossible to imitate.4. OrganizedOrganized or organized to capture the value is the fourth and final dimension of the VRIO strategic framework.If you’re still not certain why this should be a special dimension, consider the fact that no resource, no matter how valuable, rare or inimitable can bring the advantage to the company if it is not organized to capture the value.This means that any company or organization that really wants to create a sustainable competitive advantage should focus on organizing the management systems, policies, processes, organizational culture, and structure in order to be fully capable to achieve and realize the potential of its resources that are valuable, rare and inimitable.Only if this change happens in the company, the company will be able to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage.If you realize that you do possess valuable, rare and imitable resources after you finish the VRIO analysis, think about the capacity of your company and its main focus.If you find that the focus wasnt on these key resources, you need to reorganize.In order to use the resources maximally, you need to gather the entire organization around the same idea and same focus.Think about your management systems, processes, and structure, and determine your starting point for change management.HOW TO USE THE VRIO STRATEGIC FRAMEWORKNow that you know that is VRIO strategic fra mework, understand its dimensions and know why it is so valuable, it is time you learn how to use it to improve the overall performance of your company.We’ll go step by step until we cover each point in details.1. Get to Know Your ResourcesThe first step is to do an internal analysis and understand your current state. It is crucial to identify your valuable, rare and inimitable resources.Before starting the analysis, you should be aware that there are two general types of resources tangible and intangible.Tangible resources are all physical things such as land, buildings, and machinery.Just by mentioning them, you can assume that they are easily bought in the market and rarely the reason a company is having a sustainable competitive advantage.But if you look at the intangible resources, such as trademarks, intellectual property, organizational culture, unique way of getting the job done and so on, you will notice that these things are not that easy to acquire, and therefore in al most every case, they make the source of the sustainable competitive advantage.Taking everything into consideration, you should start by analyzing your intangible resources. i. Identifying Valuable ResourcesFor identifying valuable resources it is useful to use other methods and analysis, such as the Value chain and the SWOT analysis.The reason that these methods are useful is the fact that they give you the exact information regarding the most valuable activities in your process, as well as the strengths of your company that help it seize the opportunities and avoid possible threats.Taking everything into consideration, using these additional methods can be multi-beneficial, as you will get a clear insight into the valuable activities and capabilities, as well as the most important strengths that are essential for you.After checking the additional methods, you can go even further into the analysis and ask yourself these questions:Does my company have any strength that my competitio n doesn’t?Is there anything in the process my company does better than my rivals?Did my company win an award (or been nominated) in any category relevant to the business?What is the one thing we do that helps us different from others and increase perceived customer value?Are there any activities that lower the cost production while maintaining the perceived customer value?Is my company’s brand recognized as innovative and customer oriented?Are my employees special in any way?Do we acquire regularly raw materials that are not easy to get?Is there a unique relationship with our suppliers or customers?All these questions should help you identify your valuable resources in the end.ii.  Identifying Rare ResourcesIn order to identify your rare resources, you have to ask yourself some of the following questions:Can my resources be easily acquired in the market by the competitors?Can my resources be acquired by the competitors in any near future?How many rivals that own a resource simil ar to mine there are in my industry?Identifying rare resources shouldnt be too hard, as that is probably something that helps you differentiate yourself from others, which is usually well known to both you and your rivals.iii. Identifying Inimitable ResourcesIts inimitable resources that help you get a chance of winning the sustainable competitive advantage and bringing your company at the top of your industry.In order to identify these resources, you should go through these questions:Is my resource protected by a patent?Is my resource easily duplicated by other companies?Is my resource easily substituted for a reasonable price by other companies?Is my resource socially complex?Is it difficult for my rivals to identify the exact processes, tasks, or other components that form the resource?After going through these questions, you should be able to claim your inimitable resources, which makes you ready for the second step.2.  Check How Organized Your Company IsNow that you are comple tely aware of the strengths of your company, the most valuable, rare and inimitable resources, it is time to get a clear picture of the usage of those resources.In order to realize that, you may ask yourself these questions:Is the structure in my organization organized in a way to maximize the use of the resource?Are there effective management processes in my organization?Do I have effective rewards and recognition system for my employees?Do I reward innovative ideas coming from my employees?Are there suitable management and quality control systems in my company?We advise you to take time and think about all these things.There are many companies in the world that have all the needed resources, but still fail to use them properly, which leads them to failure.Once you realize where your potential lays, you have to shift the entire organization towards it, in order to completely fulfill it.3.  Keep Your Key Resources Only for YourselfOnce you organize your company in a way that it uses maximally the potential it has, you will become the target of all of your competitors.That means, that all of them will be trying to find what’s that special thing that you have that gives you a sustainable competitive advantage, and that leaves you with only one task: protect your resources.For starters, get the entire management aware of the key resource and its importance.Thats a good starting point for you to brainstorm together the ways you could lower the costs and focus on the thing that differentiates you from your rivals.There are even some companies that build on strategies to perceive their resources, finding a way to mask their key contributor.The main for you should be to eliminate any possibility for other companies to imitate what you have and you’ll be good, as long as what you do is what the world needs.4. Keep VRIO Resources Up to DateThis is very important! Remember, you might have a sustainable competitive advantage, but it will last only as long as it is up to date! You have to constantly review your internal strengths in order to maintain the leading place in your industry.It is a well-known fact that the value of each resource in the world changes throughout time, especially nowadays, when we are living in a dynamic environment full of constant changes in technology and market in general.Therefore, keeping your resources up to date and reviewing them constantly must be one of your top priorities.And no matter how hard you try to keep your resources only for yourself, eventually some of your competitors will find a way to get to them.This means that you will no longer have those resources as key ones, and you’ll have to find the new ones.If you want to increase your protection, you can go with the strategy of developing the key resources internally (inside the company), which will make it harder for your competitors to imitate you.However, this doesn’t mean you shouldn’t review your resources if they are internal.On the contrar y, it is crucial to review them constantly if you want to grant your company a long term success.HOW TO START USING THE VRIO FRAMEWORKNow that you know all of the steps, all you have to do is start.Experience shows that the most effective and efficient way to apply this framework is through using tables for resources’ categorization.You should create a table containing 5 columns, and the number of rows should be equal to the number of different resources your company possesses.After creating a table, name the columns in the following order: Resources, Value, Rare, Imitation, Organization, Competitive advantage.Fill out the rows with all your resources and grade each resource depending on how valuable, rare, costly to imitate and organized to capture the value they are.This way of categorization will give you a clear picture of your resources and the best potential you have. After this, you will be able to reorganize your company and focus on sustainable competitive advantage.If yo u wish to learn more about the tables, you can check the example of Starbucks and Dunkin Donuts and their way of applying the VRIO strategic framework.FINAL WORDAfter getting all the details regarding each aspect of VRIO strategic framework, you should by now be able to understand the concept of this methodology and have the first step planned out in your mind.When you take everything into consideration, it is not difficult at all to learn how to apply this to your company, and once you do apply it, the benefits are more than rewarding.You will be able to understand your companys strengths better and realize what is the key resource that differentiates you from the others.Once you have all of this, all you need to do is to put into work and make things happen. If you want to create a sustainable competitive advantage, the VRIO framework will guide your way.

The Failure of Modern Capitalism Looking at Modern...

In a time of such economic distress, where it sometimes feels as though the world as we know it is coming to an end, it is hard not to examine and question the fundamental idea of capitalism. Many people are starting to wonder if our laissez-faire attitude towards the economy can continue to be successful or if a major change to our society is imminent. In seeking answers to these questions, it is impossible not to think of economist Karl Marx, who spent the better part of his career analyzing capitalism. Marx long ago predicted what he deemed the inevitable downfall of the capitalist society and outlined his reasoning in his infamous Manifesto of the Communist Party. According to Marx, capitalism is bound to collapse due to its inherent†¦show more content†¦[Marx 1983:210] Quite simply, the capitalist system eventually reaches a point where it is so productive that more is produced than people can buy. When companies are unable to sell all their product they must cut costs in another area, which almost always results in laying off workers. This then creates more people who are unable to afford to purchase products, both from the original company and other companies as well. The value of these products becomes so low that companies are forced to destroy their excess product in order to insure the rest of the product retains value. An example of this in our current economy is the real estate crisis. The New York Times article â€Å"Vacancies Raise Risk and Cut Value of Real Estate† looks specifically at the struggling real estate market of commercial buildings in major cities across the United States. The article discusses the trouble the building owners are running into in finding tenants and how they are consequently being forced to offer space at extremely low prices or to sell their buildings all together. The Washington Mutual Center was recently sold to the Northwest Mutual Life Insurance Company for the incredibly low price of $115 million because JPMorgan Chase, the original owner, was unable toShow MoreRelatedTo What Extent Was the Chinese Revolution, 1927-1949, a Socialist Revolution as Defined by Marx?4672 Words   |  19 Pagesinvestigation will be comparing classical Marxist doctrine with Mao Zedong thought and the Chinese revolution, to see the extent that the revolution adhered to Marxist doctrine. Classical Marxism will be defined by the works of Karl Marx and Fedrich Engels and Mao Zedong thought will be defined by the works of Mao Zedong. The primary sources used for this essay are Selected Work of Mao Zedong and Marx and Engels: Selected Works. To investigate the Marxist nature of the Chinese revolution, I breakRead MoreTheoretical Orientation And Framework. Employer-Employee5229 Words   |  21 Pagespr ocesses or autonomous from society. 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Theme Of Love In Jane Eyre - 957 Words

In Jane Eyre, Charlotte Brontà « underlines two opposing paths through different love interests for Jane. During the exploration of paths set out before Jane, she finds herself at a crossroad between a life of duty and a life of passion. A man born into a wealthy family of high rank shows a path of passion. Contrasting this is a strict clergyman, shows a path of duty. It is through different manners, however, St. John Rivers and Edward Rochester both have sought to cultivate and nurture the similar value of intelligence they both share with Jane. Although both characters shaped Jane Eyre’s life in some way or another, St. John Rivers’ icy exterior helps the reader to better appreciate Edward Rochester’s fiery sense of humanity. In the†¦show more content†¦He does not act human. She is seemingly frustrated by his lack of emotion towards her when she says â€Å"I am your kinswoman, I should desire somewhat more of affection than sort of general philanth ropy you extend to mere strangers† (511). He treats her no different from someone he would bypass on the street. One could say Rivers is blinded by his Christianity, thus leading him towards failure to see Jane as a romantic partner, and instead more of a co-worker. He sees her a someone to help him in his missionary work in India while ignoring her passions. He is straightforward in his speech, all the while omitting anything remotely sensual in his language. The reader could see a lack of compassion for the people he is supposedly helping, especially Jane, through his dialogue. Additionally, Rochester views marriage as an act of love and passion. He is often guided by his senses and not his rational mind. This is where he and Rivers contrast in morals. Brontà « depicts Rochester as ultimately choosing a life of feelings over a life of logic. Rochester recognizes his love for Jane when he says â€Å"There is not another being in the world that has the same pure love for me as yourself – for I lay that pleasant unction of my soul, Jane, a belief of your affection† (348), as she is the only person he admires and is fond of. He does not propose to Jane out of convenience as Rivers does. He proposes because he believes Jane completesShow MoreRelatedTheme Of Love In Jane Eyre957 Words   |  4 PagesTwo opposing loves in Jane Eyre In  Jane Eyre, Charlotte  Brontà «Ã‚  underlines two opposing paths through different love interests for Jane.  Ã‚  During  the exploration of  paths set out before Jane, she finds herself at a crossroad between a life of duty and a life of passion. A man born into a wealthy family of high rank shows a path of passion. Contrasting this is a strict  clergyman, shows a path of duty. 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Then at ageRead MoreTrapped in the Red Room: A Look into the Mind of the Original Mrs. Rochester1399 Words   |  6 PagesRed Room: A Look into the Mind of the Original Mrs. Rochester â€Å"One is very crazy when in love† (Freud). Freud made this statement nearly one hundred years ago. As one of the founders of modern psychology what would he have to say about the mad woman in the attic? Was she mad, in love, suffering from hysteria, or simply a product of nature versus nurture? Neither of which were very kind to her. In Jane Eyre we as the readers are presented with a singular perspective in nearly true to form autobiographicalRead MoreEquality Within Charlotte Bronte s Jane Eyre1673 Words   |  7 PagesCharlotte Bronte s novel Jane Eyre embraces many views in opposition to the Victorian gender limitations. Ultimately, the reader can see the author develops a variety of characters who not only represent but also challenge the established gender norms existing in the 1800s. 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As a result, Jane is a victim of this ‘norm’ and is directly affected when she is kept in the dark aboutRead MoreJane Eyre By Charlotte Bronte1552 Words   |  7 PagesBrontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Jane Eyre deals with a young orphan girl who lives a very repugnant life; the transition from her childhood to adulthood makes the reader effectively understand the character’s struggles and accomplishments. When reading this novel, a reader’s imagination can travel back to the Victorian age in England, where everything was differentiated between the men and women of this time era. This can aid readers to get a prominent picture of the life of the main character, Jane. Jane Eyre portraysRead MoreJane Eyre By Charlotte Bronte1554 Words   |  7 PagesBrontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Jane Eyre deals with a young orphan girl who lives a very repugnant life; the transition from her childhood to adulthood makes the reader effectively understand the character’s struggles and accomplishments. When reading this novel, a reader’s imagination can travel back to the Victorian age in England, where everything was differentiated between the men and women of this time era. This can aid readers to get a prominent picture of the life of the main character, Jane. Jane Eyre portraysRead MoreThe Search for Love in Jane Eyre Essay528 Words   |  3 PagesThe Search for Love in Jane Eyre A constant theme throughout Jane Eyre is the search for love. Although this could be shown through many of the novels key characters, it can most readily be shown in the experiences of Jane Eyre herself. The novel begins with her searching for love and it finally ends with her finding it, for good, in Mr. Rochester. At the novels opening, Jane is living with the cruel Mrs. Reed and her horrid three children, Eliza, Georgiana, and John. Mrs. Reed makes Theme Of Love In Jane Eyre - 957 Words Two opposing loves in Jane Eyre In Jane Eyre, Charlotte Brontà « underlines two opposing paths through different love interests for Jane. During the exploration of paths set out before Jane, she finds herself at a crossroad between a life of duty and a life of passion. A man born into a wealthy family of high rank shows a path of passion. Contrasting this is a strict clergyman, shows a path of duty. It is through different manners, however, St. John Rivers and Edward Rochester both have sought to cultivate and nurture the similar value of intelligence they both share with Jane. Although both characters shaped Jane Eyre’s life in some way or another, St. John Rivers’ icy exterior helps the reader to better appreciate Edward Rochester’s†¦show more content†¦He does not act human. She is seemingly frustrated by his lack of emotion towards her when she says â€Å"I am your kinswoman, I should desire somewhat more of affection than sort of general philanthropy you extend to mere stranger s† (511). He treats her no different from someone he would bypass on the street. One could say Rivers is blinded by his Christianity, thus leading him towards failure to see Jane as a romantic partner, and instead more of a co-worker. He sees her a someone to help him in his missionary work in India while ignoring her passions. He is straightforward in his speech, all the while omitting anything remotely sensual in his language. The reader could see a lack of compassion for the people he is supposedly helping, especially Jane, through his dialogue. Additionally, Rochester views marriage as an act of love and passion. He is often guided by his senses and not his rational mind. This is where he and Rivers contrast in morals. Brontà « depicts Rochester as ultimately choosing a life of feelings over a life of logic. Rochester recognizes his love for Jane when he says â€Å"There is not another being in the world that has the same pure love for me as yourself – for I lay that pleasant unction of my soul, Jane, a belief of your affection† (348), as she is the only person he admires and is fond of. He does not propose to Jane out of convenience as Rivers does. He proposes because heShow MoreRelatedTheme Of Love In Jane Eyre957 Words   |  4 PagesIn  Jane Eyre, Charlotte  Brontà «Ã‚  underlines two opposing paths through different love interests for Jane.  Ã‚  During  the exploration of  paths set out before Jane, she finds herself at a crossroad between a life of duty and a life of passion. A man born into a wealthy family of high rank shows a path of passion. Contrasting this is a strict  clergyman, shows a path of duty. It is through different manners, however, St. John Rivers and Edward Rochester both have sought to cultivate and nurture the similarRead MoreJane Eyre vs Wide Sargasso Sea Essay example1635 Words   |  7 Pages2014 Symbolism through Theme Of Jane Eyre and Wide Sargasso Sea â€Å"To produce a mighty book, you must choose a mighty theme. No great and enduring volume can ever be written on the flea, though many there be that have tried it,† stated Herman Melville. As implied, without theme, no novel can be considered â€Å"mighty† or have any depth. Theme is essential in any work of art. Jane Eyre is a novel by Charlotte Brontà « that takes the reader through the experiences of Jane Eyre, from childhood to adulthoodRead MoreCharlotte Bronte s Jane Eyre984 Words   |  4 PagesCharlotte Brontà « wrote Jane Eyre. The novel is a highly fascinating piece of gothic literature based during the nineteenth century. The story unfolds around a young Jane Eyre who grows both in character and body. She experiences love and mystery. She, through many trials, finds a true, wholesome, and godly relationship with the main male protagonist, Mr. Rochester. Jane Eyre occurs during the early nineteenth century in northern Britain. It takes place in multiple locations: â€Å"the Reed family’sRead MoreSummary Of Charlotte Bronte s Jane Eyre1607 Words   |  7 PagesCharlotte Bronte s novel Jane Eyre embraces many views in opposition to the Victorian gender limitations. Ultimately, the reader can see the author develops a variety of characters who not only represent but also challenge the established gender norms existing in the 1800s. Feminists like Charlotte Bronte, fight for equality emotionally, mentally, financially, and physically. When Charlotte was 5 her mother passed away, and therefore the loss of a mother became the theme in her books. Then at ageRead MoreTrapped in the Red Room: A Look into the Mind of the Original Mrs. Rochester1399 Words   |  6 PagesRed Room: A Look into the Mind of the Original Mrs. Rochester â€Å"One is very crazy when in love† (Freud). Freud made this statement nearly one hundred years ago. As one of the founders of modern psychology what would he have to say about the mad woman in the attic? Was she mad, in love, suffering from hysteria, or simply a product of nature versus nurture? Neither of which were very kind to her. In Jane Eyre we as the readers are presented with a singular perspective in nearly true to form autobiographicalRead MoreEquality Within Charlotte Bronte s Jane Eyre1673 Words   |  7 PagesCharlotte Bronte s novel Jane Eyre embraces many views in opposition to the Victorian gender limitations. Ultimately, the reader can see the author develops a variety of characters who not only represent but also challenge the established gender norms existing in the 1800s. Feminists like Charlotte Bronte, fight for equality emotionally, mentally, financially, and physically. When Charlotte was 5 her mother passed away, and therefore the loss of a mother became the theme in her books. Then at ageRead MoreLiterary Criticism Of Jane Eyre1378 Words   |  6 PagesMrs. Beckis English 3, Period C 5 December 2015 Literary Criticism Essay In her book Jane Eyre, Charlotte Brontà « writes of a fictional tale in which the protagonist, Jane Eyre, overcomes many obstacles, such as dishonesty and social class, in order to marry her love: Mr. Rochester. The Victorian Era is characterized by the great inequality between men and women in terms of societal standing. As a result, Jane is a victim of this ‘norm’ and is directly affected when she is kept in the dark aboutRead MoreJane Eyre By Charlotte Bronte1552 Words   |  7 PagesBrontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Jane Eyre deals with a young orphan girl who lives a very repugnant life; the transition from her childhood to adulthood makes the reader effectively understand the character’s struggles and accomplishments. When reading this novel, a reader’s imagination can travel back to the Victorian age in England, where everything was differentiated between the men and women of this time era. This can aid readers to get a prominent picture of the life of the main character, Jane. Jane Eyre portraysRead MoreJane Eyre By Charlotte Bronte1554 Words   |  7 PagesBrontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Jane Eyre deals with a young orphan girl who lives a very repugnant life; the transition from her childhood to adulthood makes the reader effectively understand the character’s struggles and accomplishments. When reading this novel, a reader’s imagination can travel back to the Victorian age in England, where everything was differentiated between the men and women of this time era. This can aid readers to get a prominent picture of the life of the main character, Jane. Jane Eyre portraysRead MoreThe Search for Love in Jane Eyre Essay528 Words   |  3 PagesThe Search for Love in Jane Eyre A constant theme throughout Jane Eyre is the search for love. Although this could be shown through many of the novels key characters, it can most readily be shown in the experiences of Jane Eyre herself. The novel begins with her searching for love and it finally ends with her finding it, for good, in Mr. Rochester. At the novels opening, Jane is living with the cruel Mrs. Reed and her horrid three children, Eliza, Georgiana, and John. Mrs. Reed makes

Reflective diary Free Essays

Abstract The purpose of this review is to consider the information gained during the sessions and looking at what I have learned from the sessions, as well as what I found particularly interesting for my own development of an understanding of international development. By completing this reflective diary I was able to track the information that I obtained and also to see how my own thoughts changed throughout the course. This was particularly relevant during the latter session where we were required to think beyond one specific area of international development, but rather to look at ways in which the situation could be improved or influenced, in the future. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflective diary? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Introduction At the start of the course I thought that I would mostly be looking at how some countries are richer than others and how this has impacted upon the way in which certain countries perform. I expected the course to largely focus on the poorer countries and how these can work with other countries although the focus soon shifted towards looking more at achieving and measuring development. Session 1 The first session looked at the concept of international development and how this could be measured. I really enjoyed this session, as it required me to think beyond immediate definitions of international development, but also to consider why one would look for enhanced developments and how this could be measured, particularly when considering a wide variety of different regions and levels of development (Brockbank McGill, 2007). I found this session quite challenging, maybe due to my preconceptions of what international development meant to me before we begun the course. As a result my level of participation was lower than I would have liked it to be. Conclusion: By listening to the discussions of others it led me to thinking in much more detail about what exactly is meant by international development and why one would pursue an agenda of development, in the first place. Furthermore this introductory section raised multiple questions of how international development is viewed and questioned traditional definitions and assumptions. Session 2 We then looked at social protection and how this can be applied alongside wider issues of international development. I had very little understanding of the meaning of social protection and therefore this seminar was equally informative, as it required me to think about wider issues than pure economic development. Social protection as a means of encouraging development was considered and the way that too much social protection may ultimately hamper development in certain circumstances. I felt quite strongly about the issues being raised so my level of participation increased quite a bit during this session. I enjoyed this session a great deal as I felt a real ‘human’ element away from just looking at money and the economy. Specific reference was made to areas where there was seen to be substantial social protection, for example, increasing benefits and how this has impacted upon the development of the region (Moon, 2000). Conclusions: I found this study of social issues really eye opening and led me consider the notion that having too much social protection may, in fact, be detrimental to the economic development of the region. I also started thinking about how this issue could be used in all countries for the benefit of the majority in the future. Session 3 This session looked specifically at the work of ERM. This organisation works with a variety of different agencies, in order to deal with a range of problems, to provide strong business outcomes, on an international basis. As the focus of this seminar was on listening to the experiences of this organisation participation was relatively low and although I found the session interesting greater opportunities to participate would potentially have enhanced this session. This type of primary teaching was seen as hugely useful as I was able to put some of my previous thoughts into context. It was particularly interesting to hear, from a practical point of view, how this type of international activity takes place and the types of assessments that are undertaken in order to identify any potential impact which international operations are likely to have on a specific region. Conclusion: Having an insight into the reality of these issues was really helpful as I am starting to wonder how the theory of international development actually works from a day to day point of view and this session helped put a lot of the previous two sessions into context (Moon, 2006). Session 4 Session four looked in more detail at micro-finance and what precisely is meant by micro-finance, as well as the positives and negatives associated with this type of financing. Firstly, I learnt what was meant by micro-finance, as this was not something that I had come across before, and dealt with small loans that were often used by individuals who could not obtain other financing and often used several small frequent repayments and would typically be unsecured (Kolb, 1984). I hadn’t previously considered issues of financing within the context of international development so I found this session quite challenging as the whole area was new to me. Conclusions: Understanding that the positive aspects of micro-financing including the offering of finance to those that would not otherwise be able to have finance made me consider the fact that certain types of micro-financing may indeed be beneficial and that blanket decisions in relation to the viability of the type of loan should not be undertaken. Session 5 This session was more in keeping with my expectations of international development and looked at agriculture as a way of helping developing countries. I actually feel quite strongly about assisting developing regions to make the most of their resources such as agriculture so I found myself really enjoying this session and participating rather strongly! What I really took from this seminar was the need for jurisdictions to use the natural resources available to them and to maximise the use of these natural resources, without necessarily focussing international development in an industry or an area that is simply not relevant for these particular regions. Conclusions: This made me question international policies and to consider how this could be used to create greater growth in the future (Carbonnier, 2012). Focussing on an area of development, namely agriculture was useful at this stage to see how international development can apply in specific regions. Session 6 Looking at transnational migration was interesting but academically challenging. I found the mobility of individuals to be a particularly informative way of understanding international development and also understanding why certain regions, such as the UK, seem to be more prone to migration than others. It did however result in me questioning preconceived ideas of international development and to take a more liberal view of people migrating out of developing regions. This was linked with other theories such as how agriculture impacts on international development (Wedman and Martin, 1986). Conclusions: By looking at the facts associated with transnational migration, it became apparent that this issue was actually much more widespread than I had originally thought, as money was often being remitted back to countries where the workers were not actually working, thus creating a movement of finance which was not readily obvious, yet was potentially crucial to the development of those regions that do not have their own internal finances. Session 7 Session 7 was, to a certain extent, an extension of session 5 which dealt with agricultural policy and considered the way in which climate change can work and is relevant to international developments, which I perceived to be closely linked to any country which relied on the climate or natural resources, to gain income. As this is an area of interest to me I became heavily involved in the discussions and as the actual seminar was run by Oxfam an element of reality was also presented from a practical point of view. This was similar to the ERM seminar and brought the theory together with practice (Winter, 1995). Conclusions: I found this very interesting, as I had not previously thought of climate change as being such an important factor in the developing regions. This encouraged me to think about wider issues when looking at a specific international problem. Session 8 This session was also very enlightening, as it focused on the role of non-government organisations, something which I had previously overlooked. My preconceived ideas relating to international development were very much based on government interference and ideas however this seminar made me think on a wider basis about non government organisations. By listening to a non-governmental organisation, a much more proactive understanding emerged, as it looked at ways in which it was motivating individuals to increase their knowledge and how the project could have a direct impact on the finances of a particular group of individuals. Conclusions: This is the first seminar where individuals were looked at in detail, and this gave it a really good human feeling which I found useful to put previous theory into context (Keenan Gilmore 2011). Session 10 Finally, we had the opportunity to look at all of the above issues, in the context of Malawi, and how poverty in this region is being dealt with, as well as identifying the key factors which affected the wider region, such as financial problems (Mulholland Turnock, 2012). This session was the most interesting I found as I had the background knowledge to put into practice and I fully participated in doing so.. Conclusions: Having studied the previous session, this session enabled me to pull together the ideas and also to use statistical data to analyse the level of poverty, in more detail, with a much broader background understanding than had been gained in the earlier sessions. Conclusions My original expectations of this course was that it would be heavily focussed on economics and trade yet there was in fact a much broader range of issues to be looked at. In particular I enjoyed the area of human interactions such as poverty in Malawi and the work of Oxfam in particular as this enabled me to understand the theories that I had previously grasped. I am looking forward to using these theories in more detail for international development studies in the future and in particular for looking at ways in which these different theories can come together to improve development in the poorer regions. References Brockbank, A. McGill, I. (2007) Facilitating Reflective Learning in Higher Education, McGraw-Hill International. p.169 Carbonnier, G (2012) International Development Policy: Aid, Emerging Economies and Global Policies, Palgrave Macmillan Keenan, F Gilmore, C (2011) International Development: A Casebook for Effective Management, iUniverse. Kolb, D. A. (1984) Experiential Learning: Experience as a Source off Learning and Development. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Moon, J, A. (2000) Reflection in Learning Professional Development: Theory and Practice. Kogan Page Moon, J (2006) Learning Journals: A Handbook for Reflective Practice And Professional Development, Taylor Francis. p.81 Mulholland, J. Turnock, C. (2012) Learning in the Workplace: A Toolkit for Facilitating Learning and Assessment in Health and Social Care Settings, Routledge. p.75 Wedman, J and Martin, M. (1986) ‘Exploring the development of reflective thinking through journal writing’, Reading Improvement, 23, 1, 68-71. Winter, R (1995) ‘The assessment of professional competences:the importance of general criteria’ in The Assessment of Competence in Higher Education, eds A Edwards and P Knight, Kogan Page, London. How to cite Reflective diary?, Essay examples

Teenage Pregnancy Essays (3555 words) - Adolescence, Midwifery

It started when she noticed that she was a few days late. Her period was supposed to start Tuesday, and now it?s the following Sunday. Her breasts feel achy the way they do when she?s about to start her period, only she hasn?t started her period. Well, maybe she got the dates wrong. Maybe she was supposed to start the next Tuesday, rather than this past Tuesday. It?s pushed to the back of her mind and she goes on with her day. Another week goes by and still nothing. No bleeding, no spotting. She wakes up in the morning, her stomach queasy. It can?t be morning sickness, because she?s on the pill, so she can?t be pregnant. Another week, and her stomach is getting worse. She can?t stand the smell of bacon nor the burgers her father?s grilling for dinner. She finally swallows her pride and buys an at-home pregnancy test. Two lines appear. She?s pregnant. And the reality is that this is quite common. Walk into any public high school and you?ll count five women who are very much pregnant and expecting to give birth soon. And how many more among them are pregnant but early enough so that they don?t show? How many have been pregnant but opted to not go through labor? According to Bruggink (2007), the United States? teen birth rate, teen pregnancy rate, and teen abortion rate all remain the highest in the world. Kicking off with numbers, Lindsay (1989) states that more than a million adolescents (ages 19 and under) become pregnant each year, and nearly 500,000 of those teens deliver babies. Why are the numbers so high, and why do teens so frequently have sex? Why teenagers have sex, as stated by Smith (2006), can be explained by numerous variables. For one, she says, adolescents become sexually mature approximately four to five years before they reach the level of emotional maturity required for them to choose the right partners and responsibly protect themselves from these ?accidents.? Henslin, author of ?Essentials of Sociology,? may relate it to the way teens are socialized. In chapter three of his book, he states that a person?s values, beliefs, and behaviors are influenced by outside sources, such as family, friends, media, and schooling. Looking at his claim that ?in the industrialized world, adolescence must ?find? themselves,? it can be assumed that teen sex is influenced by today?s pop culture; a culture in which friends, TV and movies, music, and magazines send obvious messages that premarital, sexual relationships (especially in teens) are common and accepted, and sometimes even expected. Now, surprisingly, teenage sex has actually declined since reaching a major high in 1990, and it can be presumed that it is due to an increase use in condoms (Smith, 2006). Research also shows that the birth rate among girls ages 10-14 has reached the lowest level in almost 50 years. Not what I?d expect when looking at the families of my ?Brady Bunch? parents. So she finds out she?s pregnant. Now she?s at the beginning of a long, tough road and has three options ahead of her. Luckily for her, she doesn?t have to make the decision on her own. All over the country, pregnancy counseling services are available to many young women; whether by phone service, counseling center, or Internet services (Lindsay, 1989). With their help and the support and aid of friends, family, and the baby?s father, she will have to decide between abortion, adoption, or keeping and caring for her child. The first option I will talk about is abortion. In his latest edition of his book, Henslin makes the well known fact clear: no other issue can divide Americans as abortion. Politics and social movements have restricted abortions as well as made it illegal for states to prohibit abortion, and prolife groups repeatedly challenged the ethics and morals of abortion. Research by Burke and Reardon (2002) have shown that for over 30 years, the people of the United States has argued repeatedly over abortion, while at the same time, over 30 million women have had at least one abortion. They also point out that, and I sadly agree, while this political (and very much ethical) battle ensues, very little has been done